Samuel Adams

Samuel Adams: An American View of the Stamp Act Samuel Adams composes a letter to his English companion, John Smith, shielding the American’s side of the new majestic tax assessment and control. He depicts the pilgrims thinking about the go about as â€Å"both difficult and unlawful. † They feel as though they are not spoken to as they ought to be and that their privileges as Englishmen are being detracted from them. He proceeds to state that Parliament can't burden them reliable with the constitution since they are not spoken to. In 1765 England passed another law called the Stamp Act.This act was intended to supplant the sugar demonstration since that demonstration didn't work. It burdened all printed things. Britain felt that they expected to burden the provinces in light of the fact that the settlements were as yet a piece of England and felt that they expected to help pay for the obligation that they were in for the war that they had helped battle for the states. B enjamin Franklin suggested that if England somehow managed to burden the provinces, at that point they needed individuals in the council so they could be one individuals. Nonetheless, government officials dismissed this thought and considered Franklin a radical.England felt like the settlements were at that point spoke to enough since they had virtual portrayal and didn’t need to have geographic portrayal. Britain said that geographic portrayal would cost them a lot of time and scarcely any laws would be passed. In this letter Adams says England is expanding their influence and riches at the settlements cost. He contends against the point that England makes saying that the war was to protect the provinces, saying that England didn’t do it for the states, however more for propelling their territory and glory.Samuel Adams had a predisposition towards the American side. Initially the crowd was his companion John Smith. Notwithstanding, since this letter has been distribut ed it is more pointed towards the English since it is invalidating their side of the Stamp Act and how they thought of it. Samuel Adams is attempting to express what is on his mind that he and the remainder of America feel under spoke to. I imagine that the significance of this record is to tell individuals that there is only more than one side to the various demonstrations that England was passing.There was an English side just as an American side. The fact of the matter was to show us the various perspectives on each side, and assist us with understanding that it was even more a misconception instead of England needing to take all control, and America needing to split away from England. I feel that probably the greatest misguided judgment a great many people get from these various demonstrations that in the long run prompted the insurgency, was that America needed to isolate from England. In any case, this wasn’t the case. America really needed to remain a piece of the Engl ish Empire.America and England just would never agree, for instance how every one of them saw America’s portrayal. This letter helped me better comprehend why this all these little demonstrations in the long run hinted at the American unrest. It caused me to understand that a great deal of history is predisposition. Typically individuals just hear or read around one side of things and don’t truly consider tuning in to the opposite side. To truly get history and better comprehend why something happened the manner in which it did, it’s better to concentrate each side of it.

Medical Record Security Essays

Clinical Record Security Essays Clinical Record Security Paper Clinical Record Security Paper With the appearance of innovation, the keeping of clinical records has now been made advantageous and powerful for both the specialist and the patient themselves. Your clinical history would now be able to be seen in extraordinary detail by just signing in the right record data. This can spare a great deal of time and vitality for your PCP to successfully address whatever disease you are experiencing. This arrangement of keeping electronic wellbeing records or EHR is currently turning out to be standard which would at last come full circle in the production of the National Health Information Network. The National Health Information Network intends to associate each American EHR to offices that need them using the online interface constantly 2009 (Health and Fitness, 2006). Albeit an incredible comfort would be rendered by this, it additionally brings up a great deal of issues in regards to the protection and security of vital and exceptionally classified clinical data of American people. In an association which embraces such framework, there are various electronic and moral dangers that they may experience. So what are these dangers? Well right off the bat, there is the accessibility of access. In the event that their clinical records become on the web, there would be no shielding measure to secure or delimit the work force who could promptly get to it. EHR could be liable to hacking by unapproved people as all that shields it from them is a straightforward username and secret phrase. On the off chance that this is so also, their clinical records are not just made accessible for specialists, drug specialists and different experts of medication, yet to for all intents and purposes anybody. Medication makers could get to their patient’s history to be utilized for research and item improvement even without their patient’s unequivocal assent. Urgent data like the particular kind of malady could be misused for gathering pledges exercises or different plans that are just focused by various clinical organizations for benefits. With the improvement of this framework, customers are likewise permitted to see their own records and, even make changes if there are mistakes, just for an entrance expense. This implies purchasers themselves could control their clinical records to suit their own motivations (I. e. expelling certain sicknesses that may bring down their odds in request for employment). Data shined from these records without appropriate approval could be unsafe to a person. In reality, any data with respect to a patient getting clinical consideration is viewed as private and classified. As per the security rule of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), Protected Health Information (PHI) incorporates everything, rather comprehensively at that, that worries a patient’s clinical history. This incorporates mental and state of being of the patient, both present and past just as the entirety of the provisioned care managed to the said quiet. It even incorporates all data in regards to the installment of such arrangements that happened between a patient and the clinical organization that s/he is related with (45 CFR 164. 501). So fundamentally, consistently detail in a patient’s clinical record is held classified under the standard of law and along these lines must be shielded from unapproved use. To have the option to render quality administrations to the patients, I suggest setting up a sound notoriety with regards to taking care of clinical records. You could do this by affiliating yourselves with protection guaranteeing destinations like TRUSTe. organization. Since online exchange truly involves a lot of hazard with regards to data robbery, being compensated, for instance, with a TRUSTe seal guarantees clients of the protection and security of indispensable data contained in their clinical records. It is additionally astute to spread data to your patients with respect to the idea of electronic wellbeing records so they could avoid potential risk for themselves. There are items that they can benefit themselves of to ensure their own clinical records. Clever contraptions like versatile crisis clinical record holders from organizations like SGMS Corporation could truly help secure a patient’s and their family clinical records sheltered and secure. It will likewise be to your organization’s advantage to instruct the patients with respect to the laws that are as of now established to help secure their electronic wellbeing records like HIPAA. Sort out classes and meetings to all the more likely spread the message of alert. For instance, when being requested assent (I. e. waivers) about discharging a patient’s clinical records, encourage them to be careful about what they sign. Exhortation them against marking â€Å"blanket waivers† that are not explicit about what records they need to share and simply do as such in a general manner. Indicate things like discharging to a specific specialist (who will be responsible to any trade of data that would happen without your insight), or discharging just that records that are essential for a particular sort of affliction. As an association, the patient’s government assistance ought to be our top need, in this way it is our duty to give them the fundamental data with the goal that they may do their part well with regards to maintaining clinical record security. Laws can unfortunately do a limited amount of a lot and without the correct instruction, escape clauses could be effortlessly taken advantaged of by outside organizations which might not have a patient’s enthusiasm on a fundamental level. References Health and Fitness. (2006, March). Recovered December 16, 2007, from ConsumerReports. organization: consumerreports. organization/cro/wellbeing wellness/medicinal services/electronic-clinical records-306/diagram/file. htm Code of Federal guidelines (2003, April). Recovered December 16, 2007 from http://frwebgate. get to. gpo. gov/cgi-container/get-cfr. cgi? YEAR=currentTITLE=45PART=164SECTION=501SUBPART=TYPE=TEXT

Evaluation of the Public Internal Audit

Question: Clarify about the Report for Evaluation of the Public Internal Audit. Answer: Presentation The commitment or necessities of an inspector while evaluating a budget report or recorded data or complete arrangement of fiscal report is given through Australian Auditing Standards. The structure and substance of review are likewise clarified through examining norms. The report comprises clarification with respect to ASA 700 Forming a feeling and other Australian Auditing Standards. The piece of the report which incorporates contextual investigations has been clarified by interfacing the realities with the norms and afterward the end has been given. Investigation of all the reviewing norms has been done to demonstrate clarification in a superior way. The remark in regards to the basic words utilized while evaluating and the impact of assessment on fiscal summaries have additionally been remembered for the report. 1: Audit Reports. Section A ASA 700 Forming an Opinion and Reporting on Financial Statements. The aggregation of this standard was set up by remembered changes for 27th June 2011 by Auditing and Assurance Board (AUASB). This determination is pertinent on the review structure to give supposition on budget reports. This can be for some other reason or a review report of money related year or for a time of half year for the period starting on or after first January2010. Universally useful budgetary report implies money related report as per broadly useful system (Wei and et.al. 2014). The structure which addresses the issues of clients of budget summaries to general system. Assessment of examiner depends on the way that fiscal summaries have been set up by considering proper monetary revealing structure or not. Type of Opinion Unmodified Opinion: The reviewer communicates an unmodified supposition on the off chance that he infers that the money related report has been set up as per appropriate budgetary announcing structure in all regard (D. Chambers, 2014). On the off chance that an unmodified conclusion has been communicated by an evaluator, the assessment will be respected equal that money related reports are introduced on reasonable premise and gives a valid and reasonable view according to applied reviewing norms. Changed Opinion: on the off chance that the examiner infers that as indicated by accessibility of review proof in substance in regards to budget summary isn't liberated from material misquote This announcement is additionally substantial in circumstance where it is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to accomplish sufficient evidence for finish of actuality that where reports are liberated from material proclamations or not. The examiner will change the supposition by following arrangements ASA 705(Cohen and et al.,2014). Qualified Opinion: The examiner communicates qualified review sentiment as per AUS 802 on the off chance that the budget report don't give a valid and reasonable view as indicated by bookkeeping approaches followed in arrangement of fiscal summaries, on the off chance that they are not in consistence with resolution or not as per bookkeeping gauges (Chen and et.al. 2016). Antagonistic Opinion: Inability to frame an assessment or Adverse Opinion is communicated for the situation where the whole monetary report is broad to such an extent that evaluator can't shape a feeling (Chan, 2016). The equivalent has been given in AUS 802 The review report on budgetary data other than a universally useful monetary report. Part B (a) Case: In the current case, the organization is reliant on bank overdraft to take care of the obligations. The bank needs the reimbursement in one month and friends has been ineffective in organizing other money as the income doesn't cover its obligation. Feeling: The examiner needs to communicate supposition as indicated by the accessible review proof. Going concern is an essential idea of business and a presumption taken while planning review report (Carson and Fargher, 2012). Insufficiency of organization for reimbursing there obligation has been expected as material shortcoming. It is on the grounds that, organization is being fruitless in achieving of other fund support for installment of obligations. Henceforth, a material vulnerabilities exist with respect to installment of obligations over next a year a contradicting assessment will be communicated by the evaluator. (b) Case: A neighborhood organization utilizes same stock valuation LIFO, as followed by its American Parent Company. The contrast among LIFO and FIFO framework has a material impact in stock and not on the staying budget summaries. Assessment: The altered conclusion will be framed by the examiner for this situation as the budget summaries don't give valid and reasonable perspective on books and records. It tends to be said that the capability isn't so serious to offer ascent to conditions of framing an antagonistic conclusion (Bhaskar and et.al. 2016.). The impact of LIFO framework on stock and it impacts on benefit of association ought to be clarified in money related reports. As it is given in the information that the material impact is available to the degree of stock and not on the staying budget summary, the equivalent ought to be given in the review report and the impact on benefit because of appropriation this strategy ought to likewise be clarified. (c) Case: The Victorian assembling organization remembers manufacturing plants for its asset report on advertise esteem less gathered devaluation. A production line in Melbourne has been carried on same incentive for a long time. The purpose for it clarified by the executives is that the market esteems have been steady from most recent five years. Assessment: An inadequate sentiment will be communicated by the evaluator in the current case, as a similar bookkeeping arrangement has been followed on a reliable premise and the budget summary presents a valid and reasonable view (Amin and et.al., 2014.). A clarification with respect to the bookkeeping strategy ought to be caused accessible in review report so the clients to can take choice as needs be. Realities of the case The manufacturing plant foreman is liable for the recruiting the candidates. In the event that the candidate is recruited, an announcement with respect to annual expense portion revelation is arranged and given to foreman. Toward the beginning of the day every specialist occupies name and time of appearance and takeoff itself. Toward the week's end, laborers drop their time sheets in a case close to entryway industrial facility. The finished sheets are reclaimed to finance representative. Two assistants are given the duty, and they isolate cards between them in sequential order request. Each agent is liable for his own area. The finance checks are physically marked by boss bookkeeper and given to foreman. Conveyance of check is orchestrated in case manager is missing. The finance financial balance is accommodated by a central bookkeeper who gets ready regularly scheduled compensation roll. Inner control can be said as reviewing technique for guaranteeing the accomplishment of entitys viability and proficiency. Inward control incorporates all the parts that control the hazard (Akay, 2014). It is a methods through which the accessible assets are observed, coordinated and estimated. The goal of the inward method can be said as the unwavering quality of monetary report at the association level. Shortcoming of inside control framework is listed as beneath: The laborers are recruited by a solitary individual, and no mind him is accessible whether the bases on which the representatives utilized are proper or not. The time sheet having appearance and takeoff time is filled by the workers in isolated sheets; no register is being kept up; even no authority is available to check whether the hour of appearance or flight in office. The representatives know with respect to their working ahead of time just, in these conditions they can dupe the substance. The finance financial balance is accommodated by a central record who likewise arranged regularly scheduled finance charge report. Trial of control for blunders recognized in above parts A trial of control is a procedure through which the adequacy and productivity of the control of substance are checked for forestalling direct material misquotes. On the off chance that the interior control of the association is feeble at that point; the equivalent has been distinguished by the trial of control. The reviewer will utilize considerable testing for checking the inward control which expands the expense of review (What are a trial of controls? 2014). The control methodology can be applied in an association to improve the inside control through two technique trial of subtleties and meaningful test systems. Trial of subtleties incorporate methodology like asking affirmations from the clients with respect to their equalizations or the sum they owed, following the presence and possession through investigating deals receipt, examination of the sum got after the year end to check whether the sum due was terrible or not; it tends to be said as a check against arrangement of awful obligation. Considerable test is performed including systematic methods and are extra to the test methodology which have been as of now performed (Test of controls, 2015). It incorporates enquiry and data which it performed to discover the data which isn't accessible inside association and if accessible than the examiners can't trust on it, Inspection is additionally a piece of considerable strategy in which the investigation with respect to the performing of commitment is being done, Observation is done to survey the way in which the obligation or the obligation is finished by the particular power and Recalculation , and execution is likewise a system which is applied under this technique to have a keep an eye on exercises that have just been performed by the representatives (William and et.al. 2016). The accompanying control methods can be followed to evacuate the shortcoming present in the present arrangement of the association: Enquiry Confirmation: The considerable test will be done to screen the shortcoming present in inside control of association because of the present technique of recruiting laborers (Six Components of Good Internal Control Systems for Smaller Entities, 2012). The foreman ought to be asked in regards to the quality based on which laborers are employed, and affirmation with respect to the accompanying system must be submitted to more significant position authority Review: Instead of submitting data

Enviromental Economics Problem Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Enviromental Economics Problem - Research Paper Example Social insurance by items have been arranged to streams and different territories that are inadequate for their removal. Subsequently these squanders have carried with them diverse decimating influences the vast majority of them influencing the economy of the nation. The waste is because of different monetary exercises occurring in the nation. This along these lines implies that the waste and their belongings are because of market disappointments. ID of the issue is a key factor here and it includes taking a gander at all the externalities of the different monetary exercises and the financial exercises that are related with them. Issue investigation is the other factor that we consider here. By the utilization of an interest bend, we can decide the net social advantage and the peripheral private profit and decide the reasons for these externalities. Toward the end an answer which is monetarily proper is offered out to supplant the different approaches. Issue ID There are different ec ological issues that are found in Kuwait. Following the declaration by Mohammed Al-Enzi that Sabah Al-Ahmad city was at a danger of contamination because of the introduction of the different fluid mechanical squanders. This is arranged only four kilometers from the city. He additionally expresses that Kuwait is one of the nations that have difficulties with respect to natural waste removal. Civil strong waste is additionally a difficult that is looked by the nation. The assortment of this waste, their transportation and removal is a significant test for the nation different proposals have been advanced to help in the administration of these destinations such includes the utilization of anaerobic processing of the loss before arranging them to the land. Utilizing LCA, the effect of these waste apparently influenced individuals a great deal adversely. Electronic waste is another significant purpose of conversation here. E waste ought to consistently be isolated with other waste that i s decomposable. Anyway in Kuwait, these E squanders are blended in with other waste materials that can be disintegrated consequently making it even difficult to arrange. Individuals are likewise uninformed about the impacts of electronic waste on the life of an individual and the whole world. A great many people subsequently don't take fundamental impacts required so as to isolate the E squanders from other bio degradable squanders. Mindfulness is subsequently required and this is the call for both open and government intercession. Social insurance items squander is likewise basic in Kuwait. There are different infections that are found in the zone of Kuwait because of the rising number of terrible removal of medicinal services items. These outcome in pessimistic monetary effect on the legislature and the individuals of Kuwait as this illness are costly to treat and better methods of removal are likewise costly to set and keep up. Poor removal of these materials is likewise a signif icant test that is looked by the individuals of Kuwait. Results from human services is likewise a test to the individuals as they need to think about the most ideal approach to arrange them and cause them to have no danger to causing maladies. Different clinics are likewise exploiting government hesitance and arranging their loss in a hazardous way. This outcome in natural contamination which over the long haul influences the economy. Issue investigation The externalities experienced in Kuwait are because of the negligible social cost (MSC) being more than the private expenses (MPC). From the look, there is more benefit that the legislature an

Critical Thinking of Anthropology Question - 1375 Words

Critical Thinking of Anthropology Question (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Professor:Course:Date:Critical Thinking of Anthropology QuestionHuman language is unique because it is a symbolic communication process that is learned instead of biologically inherited. The study of language is an important concept that should be addressed with a lot of concern since language is one of the main tools considered in the interaction and expression of opinions, memories, emotions, and values depending on the preferred culture as Haviland et al. (2010: 27) observed. Language is also considered as the main vehicle for cultural expression necessary for humanity and collective identity, and therefore the subject of language and communication has proved to be of an important subject. However, this paper presents a wider concept of language and its meaning and noting how a fieldworker analyzes and describes a language. The notion of how language is linked to gender is also comprehensively discussed.Language is considered as one of the major elements of cu lture that underlie cultural variations. It is also a significant element of cultural capital. The most important variations or rather differences in the study of languages consider the level of lexicon, phonology and grammar which encompasses syntax and morphology. In addition as noted by Lewis (2010: 65) these variations may not just be qualitative, considering the sense that dialect A applies one feature and dialect B another, on the other hand, the variations may be quantitative in the sense that dialect A applies one feature more than dialect B does (Cablitz, 2006: 49). This particularly confirms the correctness of true phonological and grammatical features which ensure social and stylistic significance in the study in the study of languages. Quite a good number of members of a society share a common language, which basically facilitates day-to-day exchanges with others. For instance, according to Cablitz (2006: 53), when you ask a hardware client for a flashlight, you donà ¢Ã ¢â€š ¬t necessarily need to draw a picture of the instrument, but you share the same cultural term for a small, portable, battery operated instrument. However, if you were in a country like England and required this instrument you would have requested for an electric torch. Of course, even within the same humanity, a term can have a number of various meanings with regard to the preferred language. In the same sense as noted by Lewis (2010: 67); in the United States, a pot may signify a container that is used for cooking and an intoxicating drug. The cultural aspect of language includes both written and spoken word and nonverbal communication. Language is termed as the foundation of every culture and an abstract system of word definitions and symbols for all aspect of culture. Language includes speech, nonverbal gestures and expressions, and written characters (Haviland et al., 2010: 23). Language does quite a number of things than simply describe authenticity; language serves to sh ape the reality of culture. For instance, several people in the United States may not be in a position to easily make verbal distinctions regarding snow and ice that are quite considerable in the Sami culture. Therefore, they are less likely to notice such differences.For a fieldworker to effectively analyze and describe a language, it is in order to observe and describe language facts regardless of whether or not they encompass someoneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s formal tenet. Paying attention may not necessarily mean that the fieldworker has an obligation of whether to try or pay attention to several morpho-syntactic features of language at the same time. According to Cablitz (2006: 58), language may not be theoretical or desirable to one, and as a result, each fieldwork information gathering endeavor considers some theoretical under-pinning. Moreover, it is in order for a fieldworker to consider a theory driven research in the analysis of language since this can be useful in determining what dat a to consider for collection, particularly with regard to more nuanced grammatical points. For comprehensive analysis and description of language, there is need for a fieldworker to first begin by examining and analyzing smaller morphosyntactic components and then go ahead to examine and analyze larger morphosyntactic components; however, this may not mean that there is directionality in the fieldwork (Haviland et al., 2010: 29). It is ideally in order for the fieldworker to adopt this technique, as long as one comprehends that the resulting documentation and description will rely on a simultaneous fieldwork of all phases of the phonology, morphology, and syntax of the language. A fieldworker should also consider elicitation as a technique in the process of data collection to realize accurate results in the analysis of language. According to Cablitz (2006: 64), elicitation involves the application of questionnaires and questioning without context, which basically excludes data from the texts. In addition, elicitation may encompass data gathering without linguistic analysis. On the other hand, as noted by Lewis (2010: 43), there is no such a thing like data gathering separable from language analysis. Quite a number of language analyses in the field are unavoidable. A scheduled controlled elicitation technique may also help the fieldworker realize accurate result in language analysis since it focuses on specific language families or language sections which are usually more applicable than those encompassing the entire language of the world.The study on how language is linked to gender has mushroomed over the past three decades, and it would be ideally an uphill task to summarize the main approaches to this discipline or the most significant findings. According to Cablitz (2006: 77) in regard to this perspective, "gender" is commonly referred to "sex" since it enhances the sociocultural notion rather than biological differences between men and women. Women tent t o apply non-standard or vernacular languages less often than men. For example, women in Nor...

Pay Framework Matalan

Pay framework and store management of Matalan Retail The following paper is a report about the introduction of an innovative pay framework at the Matalan stores. The company is relatively new in the market since its inception in the year 1985. Though the progress has been staggering and the company has moved forward while imbibing some of the best management practices seen in corporate history, there is a slack in the current pay structure practised at Matalan. Though they had a formal structure in the past, at the moment each store has its own recruitment policies and salary structures. Thesis causing problems within the human resource department at each store due to the discrepancy in maintaining similar levels of pay structure. The company would need to undergo change and create a new pay framework, which imbibes all the concepts of equal pay to avoid any legal proceedings in the future. At the same time the paper also takes into consideration factors, which are important while trying to create pay frameworks for organisations motivation, communication channels, training and development, equal opportunities and similar non financial rewards which have proven to go a long way in improving performance at the work place. The report goes through a series of different headings which come together to weave a structure which best explains the problems, founding issues and a possible solution. Introduction Matalan is one of UKs leading clothing and home furnishings retailer. The quality of clothes and home ware is relatively high with an affordable price tag. It was John Hargreaves who founded Matalan; he initially discovered the concept of out of town selling at lower prices in the US markets. The learning process was enough for him to know that this could turn out to be a very successful retail strategy in the Upmarket. The first Matalan store was opened in Preston in the year1985. By 1995, the company had made tremendous progress and had 50 stores to their credit across UK. The year 1997 was one with multiple changes in the business strategy and management practices, since the company was growing at a phenomenal pace; the head office was moved to Skelmersdale to be in a better position to oversee company growth and management issues. The success was reinstated in the market with company floatation in the year 1998, at the moment Matalan trades from5 million square feet in over 170 stores. For the consumers the opportunity to shop at Matalan is very satisfying since they get unrivalled quality at unsurpassed prices. The strategy Matalan follows is to buy from the manufacturers and having out of town less costly stores, which enable them to pass on the cost benefit to the customers. Please refer appendix 2 for more information about Matalans positioning the UK market in comparison to other clothing retailers. A visit to a Matalan store reveals the complete family range the store has on offer, there is something for everybody. On an average the store size is an approximate 30,000 sq. ft. per store, the product range is comprehensive combination of home ware, clothing line for men, women and children. Each clothing line has a further divide in range and styles formal, informal, sporty, seasonal, modern basics to some very classical styling, other than having their own labels on display there are also other brands on offer Wrangler, Flamer, Lee Cooper, Wonder bra and Wolsey, this gives the customers a more balanced profile to choose from. The head office provides immense functional support tall stores across UK be it buying, merchandising, marketing, HRM,finance, operations or property management. To get a better understanding of what each store entails in terms of human resources, we have the following line up. Store Manager Deputy Manager Sales Manager Ladies wear Sales Manager Men swear Sales Manager Childrens wear Sales Manager Home ware Full and part time General Sales Assistants At the same time, there are flexible changes in the way roles might be managed in a store, in smaller stores the home ware and children swear departments are overlooked and managed by a one sales manager instead of two which is a norm in bigger sized stores. Matalan prides itself on some very progressive practices in all departments; the management believes that what they have on offer for employees is a fast track progressive career path, which is completely matched with ones personal ambitions to succeed. [www.matalan.co.uk] The pay framework at Matalan includes the following benefits and perks. Highly competitive Salary Bonus Scheme Discounted Share Save scheme Life assurance policy Private Health Care 10% discount at all stores Generous holiday entitlements [https://www.inretail.co.uk/pages/content.asp?PageID=311] The above is an insight into what Matalan Retail has to offer its employees and staff across the stores. There are problems with the current pay structure, some of the new recruits are paid with regards to market rates and this is not in sync with what is paid to the old recruits in similar roles. The local HR offices have been exercising autonomy in recruitment and salary structures, which might, create friction between employees, peers and draw inter store comparisons. There is no clear-cut strategy for assimilating information on employees, their satisfaction levels and ways to gauge their performance at work. All this and more in the long run can create some damaging effects to the organisations performance as a whole. The following report is to create an understanding and balance between problems, issues and executable solutions so that the company can align the employee/staff goals with the organisation objectives. Literature Review Michael Armstrong (2001), in his book, New dimensions in pay management talks about new systems and processes in reward management and pay structures. It also talks in length about the factors, which need consideration when planning a new pay structure in an organisation. It also covers methods of developing; introducing and evaluating new pay structures. Organisations in towards era have to move at a fast pace while adjusting to the changes in the internal and external environment. These pressure make these organisations react indifferent manners, it could be delayering, project based, flexible or continuous. The emphasis is on continuous improvements in terms of performance management, reward management, personnel appraisal, quality control and customer service. The quality of human resources within an organisation is considered a significant advantage and differentiating factor. The focus should also be on business strategies and using systems like reward management and performance appraisal to bring about change in organisations. The reward concept is a focused effort of various forms of rewards, base pay, variable pay, benefits and non-financial rewards. The significance of pay revolves around motivational strategy, attracting and retaining employees in their job roles to build a more effective organisation. The non-financial rewards include more recognition, praise, and training options, responsibility and although more studies on organisational behaviour have revealed that its the non-financial rewards, which have more scope for retaining employees. It was in the year 1990 that Ed Bawler spoke about the limitations of using this approach, The starting point for any reward system design process needs to be the strategic agenda of the organisation. Thus the first step in designing the reward system for an organisation is to focus on the individual and organisational behaviours that are needed in order for the organisation to be successful. Bawler further enhanced and improvised on this belief to cover all organisations, The business strategy, in particular, serves as a crucial guide in designing organisational systems because it specifies what the company wants to accomplish, how it wants to behave, and the kinds of performance and performance levels it must demonstrate to be effective. [Michael Armstrong (2001), cap 1-15] Shaun Tyson and Alfred York (1989) in their books Personnel Management, talk about how most organisations design their pay and wage packages based on the hierarchy. Another big difference is that blue-collar jobs are usually at an hourly rate, the wages are paid weekly or monthly basis and the salary earners are the ones who are Gina middle or senior management position. The differences are not limited to the salary; they also extend to the additional perks and benefits, which are offered to the employees. The objectives of a policy towards making a payment could be described as to remain competitive for labour whilst rewarding good performance and adopting a position on pay which is felt to be fair by all employees. [Shaun Tyson and Alfred York (1989), cap 210-211] The distinction that companies enjoy while treating different job roles with different salary structures is a matter of internal personnel philosophy. There are certain important criterions, which needs to be considered w hile planning a salary and wages structure If the company wishes to afford large salaries and pay packets to employees then they are working with the strategy of getting maximum output and high standards of quality and work from the employees. The effort to keep the standards high has to be sustained through time. If the company wishes to offer other benefits and perks like travel allowance, car, mobile phones, laptops, inflation proof pension etc., the other way of doing this could be by giving the flexibility to the employee to decide what structure would be most appealing to him or her in terms of salary spend. Another option is to trade off these benefits against wages. The most important factor to be seen by organisations remains retaining employees. They need to understand what appeals to the employees, what motivated them to work harder and perform better. Employee retention is a big problem and a lot of organisations are trying to tackle this through financial perks, raising salaries and other perks. There are options like profit share benefits and bonus schemes which also need to be worked through the system. This does not call for direct employee participation and might not prove to be a great motivational tool. There are policies on variation of pay frameworks, what needs consideration from management and organisations is whether pay is the main incentive and motivational tool for employees. They also need to understand the kind of employee evaluation scheme, which needs to be adopted and run. The organisations which operate from more than one location need to understand the repercussions of giving more autonomy to its line managers in terms of drafting salary structure and pay frameworks. The other option would be to draft a company wide policy and run it across all departments and locations irrespective of size, force and structure. The last step would be the pay reviews and how often one needs to undergo one at a certain location. The evidence, which is needed to corroborate what, the employee is saying and how the performance has been in the past. [Shaun Tyson and Alfred York (1989), cap 210-215] In the same way when one needs to approach the way wages are offered to the resources, the basic flat rate is what is paid to the employee based on the amount of work he or she has put in a specific time frame.ased on this principle the employee can actually generate more income by completing more pieces of workloads and assignments. A differential piecework is what in other words means time allowed system of piecework, other than the amount of bonus one earns, which is further shared between the company and the employee. There are then small group incentive schemes as well as long-term large group incentive schemes. Given that this paper is about a large sized retail organisation, a long term large group scheme should be a more worthwhile option to discuss although one does need to consider the number of revolving labour one is faced with at retail outlets. The big difference between these schemes is that they have a long-term goal to achieve, apply through the whole organisation/factory structure and try and involve the employees in the organisation structure and future objectives. Given the large rotating base of employees at large retail outlets, we will consider the authors views on small group incentive schemes. The advantages of these schemes are that they draw in the people and their tendency for bringing about a norm, which is acceptable and comfortable. This in turn leads to a team spirit, which does help while building a positive atmosphere at a store/outlet/organisation. In terms of paper work, these schemes are much easier to monitor and control. The cost savings in terms of money, manpower, effort is less considering the monitoring required, less inspection and savings onetime study periods. There are indirect workers who can also participate in these schemes, the workers, cleaners; store assistants can enjoy the same benefits and perks. There is a larger amount of flexibility and teamwork amongst the work force; the people themselves are keen to get rid of hurdles and bottlenecks in the work process to help provide better work environment. There are disadvantages to these schemes too; there might be impacts of group pressures on workers who are not as efficient as the others. The holidays and sickness leaves will easily upset the system; there would be a need to carve out special arrangements to tackle the holidays. Here could be problems with production, supply chain management that could in turn affect the performance of the employees. In retrospect this could create a substantial amount of disillusionment with the scheme. Coming back to the long-term schemes, there are many variations, which might apply to these. The Scan long plan (1947) was a suggestion plan as well as a collective incentive scheme. The suggestion scheme is what one comes across in a lot of production and manufacturing environments. The employees are asked to come up with suggestions on how to improve the efficiency levels and reduce time at work; these ideas are then enhanced and improvised by the management and the union. The bonus calculation in these cases is then based on the improvements shown in reducing the cost of good produced as well as improvements in the actual output, manpower per hour. Another set of work rules would be if there is a reduction in the sales revenue then the e employees would be deprived of a bonus irrespective of how hard they have worked. In long term view there is absolutely no motivational quality attached to this variation in pay structure. The other plan was introduced by Trucker(1955), which entailed the use of productive value or added value. This was based on a collective bonus scheme. The value in this variation is the difference between the sales revenue and the cost of raw materials and supplies. This approach is very fragile with regards to the effects market forces might have on this scheme. The advantage of these long-term large group schemes is that it will provide the incentive for long-term earnings. The employee participation helps overcome the most frequently seen sentiment to them versus us. The level of involvement with the management and production base is stronger than in other cases. This helps build trust and stability. Here is more scope of a wider base of applications, which can be used in the business, and the working of the organisation. The value added schemes are being adjusted to the changing conditions the company might be undergoing. [Shaun Tyson and Alfred York (1989), cap 210-220] There is however disadvantages to this long term, large group schemes. If these are actually applied across the whole production line, it might dissolve the sentiment of teamwork. These schemes need to have some form of bonus for the employees else it will have no incentive for them to perform better or to increase productivity. The larger the number of employees covered through this scheme the less the percentage which goes to each employee, hence in the final turn of events it reduces the usefulness. Another question rather doubt which arises is whether the individuals see their own efforts helping towards the final cause and long term goals of the scheme and production value. Here is a list of variables which can cause damage to the production process change in personnel, supervision, customer requirements, machinery, external environment changes. Michael H. Bottomed (1983), in his book, Personnel Management, talks about job satisfaction, motivational tools, compensation package sand benefits which are all integral factors affecting the performance of an organisation. The writer brings an interesting fact to the forefront; the compensation package for employees had grown more complex in the past years. A simple break down of the framework seems like a complex thing to do. It is now important to design frameworks, which suit the individual requirements and needs of the employees. Any organisation has to get the mix right for them to address issues like retention, attrition, motivation and performance. While designing the pay framework for an organisation, it is important to note the background of the corporation, individuals job roles and what they entail, individual pay systems and the after effects on the performance and reaction of the employees. The external factors, which affect the way organisations can design pay packages, is because of government taxation rules and pay restraints. A lot of writers have written on the total compensation package, perks and inducements. Simon (1958) refers to inducements as payments made by the organisation to its participants in return for contributions. Thomason (1981) identifies a level of consideration necessary to attract labour. Lupton (1975) suggests that the rules of a pay system say how effort is to be related to reward.[Michael H. Bottomed (1983), p 80 90] An interesting factor, which needs consideration, is the effect of compensation on behaviours. Two of these theories, which have surfaced, are those of expectancy and reinforcement. The critical component of the expectancy theory is the way people relate to compensation with the reward package offered as a result of providing a service. In an important study conducted by Schwa and Heneman (1975), this form of sentiment and perception was found strongest in workers with individual incentives schemes. The reinforcement model finds its origins in Skinners (1969) writings. The process defines and develops the patterns, which are experienced while pairing good behaviour with rewards and bad behaviour with punishment. The way this sort of conditioning takes place is through a learning process. The conditioning in this case is so deep and inherent that when an individual is faced with a similar situation, he/she reacts in similar manner as they have done before. [Michael H. Bottomed (1983) ,p 80 95] There are various types of payments and rewards, which can be introduced as part of the main structure. One the popular schemes are the bonus scheme, in effect the system of payments is through a bonus. There is a need to create a specific background before introducing this scheme; the management needs to be committed to the scheme. A big factor towards failure of most of these payment frameworks is the lack of ownership on part of the management. If the cost attached to the transition is not going their way, the management finds it easy to stop the process midway. The employees need to be part of any new scheme, which is in the offing; they need to know the implications, benefits, disadvantages and time frame needed for a successful introduction. The measures, which define productivity, are always a contentious issue and so the management and employees need to be on the same page. A feedback system needs to be in place through which all are informed of the progress made and how the employee stands in terms of rewards towards work input. Communication is essential while implementing any new system or process, the best route would be to discuss the progress, the ways the productivity can be increased and how can all gain the most. The work productivity measure is more or less decided based on the following methodologies The job role of the employee and the time input needed to complete the job at a satisfactory level The actual physical production of goods/commodities and the time taken to do so The actual physical production of goods/commodities and the cost of production An additional value achieved or the cost of labour The cost of materials used for production, cost needed to get a production going Another way of sharing benefits is through the profit sharing scheme. Good example for this would be NatWest, which introduced this scheme. The staff does reach a point of identification and self-achievement when the results are grouped. The employees feel a greater sense of loyalty and commitment towards the job and the organisation. The performance is not in isolation and with regards to personal achievements; the employees also begin to see the bigger picture and what it means to have greater financial success. At the end all businesses are about profit, the biggest sense of achievement is to derive a balance between employee cost and the profitability. The three common ways to determine how much to pay in the profit sharing scheme are as follows The amount of profits before tax The directors at their own discretion decide how much to pay the employees under this scheme The amount of profits accumulated after a certain limit has been reached Andrews (1975) talks about reasons, which are critical to the introduction of compensation and pay benefits. As mentioned before by many other writers, the employee base and staff are important resources, it is important for any business/organisation to retain and attract staff to meet the current and future objectives of the company. The staff at all times needs to feel that their efforts in the organisation are noticed and rewarded accordingly. There has to be encouragement and identification of interests, which match those of the employees with regards to reward management. The employees and staff need to be motivated and propelled to perform better and take on more responsibility during the course of their work. There is a need for asset criterion for differentiating between different job roles and titles, each one has its own set of complexities and leverage, this needs to be considered while preparing a compensation package. The company also needs to see some value in the amount of remuneration and rewards being given to the employee. All organisations need to have clear structure for career progression for all employees; they need to know what the future holds for them in the organisation hierarchy. All employees need to have some stability and ways to maintain their standard of living. [Michael H. Bottomed (1983), p 80 100] Clive Fletcher and Richard Williams (1992) in their book Performance appraisal and career development talk about appraisal schemes, equal opportunity employment, future challenges and opportunities in this sphere, persisting issues, maintenance and evaluation. The appraisal systems are an effective tool, which has helped a lot of organisations to collect information from the staff and employees about pays and promotions. An increase in the bonus scheme and other incentives, this was a motivating mechanism as well as a productivity enhancer. The management to further develop and plan the welfare of the personnel used the information collected. The appraisal system also acts as process line up for re visiting the initial recruitment decisions also place to decide the promotion schemes and incentives on offer. This can also be an effective communication channel, for introducing new training and development schemes for the personnel; the same can also be used for succession planning. There is an inherent change in the way managers think in current times, pay and rewards are important but appraisal systems will also show that family and time off work is as crucial, else there is bound to be high stress levels and chances of complete burn out. Gorier and Philpot (1978, p 2-5) in their paper point out the following, Whilst managers are concerned about their careers, they are equally concerned about their home and family life. Numerous comments on the difficulties of finding time for family and leisure activities whilst coping with a demanding job indicate the potential for conflict between these two areas of their life. The career concept has undergone an immense amount of change and managers are realising this while planning their internal performance management schemes. Work is no more in isolation, its involves the family and home life as well, else there will always be a carry overload syndrome from home to work and vice versa. An interesting quote in this direction of thought comes from Evans and Bartolome (1980, p7-10), Professional life affects the quality of private life on a day to day basis. But the reverse is not true; private life only affects the quality of professional life in extreme situations. The effect of private life on professional life is through its influence on major career and life decisions. Another issues which organisations now need to consider with stringent measures is that of equal employment opportunities. Equal opportunities could be based on gender, skills, nationality or religion among other factors. Organisations need to revisit their policies and regulations to ensure that they are not breeding grounds for lawsuits on various discriminatory grounds. A big reason why women have not moved too far with context to organisational skills is due to systematic barriers imposed by organisations, the attitude of the management and also partially due to their own behaviour and attitude towards career progression. If we consider the implications of the above issues with regards to retail stores like Matalan, there is a lot of temporary staff and permanent staff; a majority of the temporary staff comprise women. Organisations like Matalan need to consider the implications of treating the part timers and temporary employees as part of the larger picture, one that manages the day-to-day operations at the stores. These employees and staff need to be made part of an appraisal system too to ensure that there can be room for career development opportunities along with the full timers. Much of what has been said about women applies to members of different ethnic backgrounds and racial groups too. Their representation in management and as part of the professional roles is discriminatorily low. Although there have been steps taken to curb this partial reaction, there are still large gaps in the way these people have been treated by line managers. The performance appraisal training needs to consider the attitude and aptitude of these minority groups so that they can be pushed towards a better role when an opportunity arises. All the authors in the literature review have managed to cast important information regarding pay structures, motivation, career development, training and development, equal opportunity, discriminatory pay, appraisal systems to counter balance the changes organisations need to make in personnel management. This will help one understand better in terms of the changes Matalan needs to introduce to mitigate the problems they are currently facing. Methodology The Techniques used for data collection are both qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative research is exploratory; Quantitative research on the other hand involves statistical surveys to quantify factors previously exposed in qualitative research. Van Mane (1983, p9) defines qualitative techniques as an array of interpretative techniques which seek to describe, decode, translate and otherwise comet terms with the meaning, not the frequency, of certain more or less naturally occurring phenomena in the social world. The data collated for this paper has been primarily through desk research using the internet, online journals, books, reports and the Matalan website. Given the time frame and the confidentiality regarding information on the existing pay framework being used by the Matalan stores did not leave much room for secondary research. The data collated was ample to find out patterns in changes, which had taken place at the stores and the way the staff had reacted to them. It is also reflective of the management involvement and how prompt they are to react when a problem arises at the stores. The organisation culture also came in play while researching this paper, though there is autonomy in job roles, they need to curtail that freedom to ensure that uniform pay framework exists at all stores across job levels. Pay frameworks dont need to be dictated only by the internal conditions prevailing in the organisation, the existing market structure would also have some bearing to what is being offered to the employees and staff. Some authors have validated the authenticity and importance of personal interviews even though it is a more time consuming tool for data collection. The importance of interviews is summarised by Burgess(1982, p 107): the interview is the opportunity for the researcher to probe deeply to uncover new clues, open up new dimensions of a problem and to secure vivid, accurate inclusive accounts that are based on personal experience. Jones (1985, p 45) comments that, between these two extremes is an abyss of practice and therefore theory about the purpose and nature of the qualitative interview. In her view the main reason for conducting qualitative interviews is to understand, how individuals construct the reality of their situation formed from the complex personal framework of beliefs and values, which they developed over their lives in order to help explain and predict events in their world. Though due to time constraints and confidentiality factors, interviews were not possible, we have taken information from testimonials and case studies presented by employees at Matalan about the existing framework. Through the course of the research, there was some data collated from testimonials and case studies published on the Matalan corporate website. Though each shows Matalan in a very positive frame, there is no doubt that the company website wont carry information on grudges the employees and staff might have with the way the organisation operates, the management issues and the unsatisfactory pay frameworks. The grounded analysis by Glaser and Strauss (1967) provided major benefits while understanding how the data collected from the testimonials and information from desk research had been analysed. It needs feel and intuition, there is no logical sequence one needs to follow to decipher results, there is constant sifting through, comparison with what has been found, and eventually there are some patterns, themes and categories, which emerge giving way to concepts.[Smith Easter-by Mark, Thorpe Richard and Lowe Andy (2003), p 100 130] Data Collection and Findings A report into the Matalan Store Pay framework shows that there areissues and ample grounds for legal proceedings. The way the paystructure is as of now can be the cause for a potential equal pay claims or a sex discrimination pay. The management considers the progress more through the level of jobs instead of the level of responsibility. There is no clear strategy for internal recruitment at the moment. There are reasons for dissatisfied managers due to lack of transparency in the pay structure. The new recruits are being paid at the level of market salaries whereas the internal managers are still at the old pay roll system. The HR Managers involvement and management is not up to the mark and so a lot of decisions are being taken in isolation. This is resulting in greater instability and inconsistency.All over the staff is not very motivated to perform better and the morale is low. The area managers are taking the liberty to spend from recruitment budgets, as they like instead of focusing on performance appraisals and assigning Key performance indicators. There is no clear-cut strategy for staff and employees to know they career progression and reward management system for work input. There is no room for any additional training or communication between staff and management, this will eventually lead to a downfall in performance and inability to meet company objectives. The flip side to this information comes from some of the employee testimonials pasted on the Matalan web site, all employees seem very satisfied with the response they garnered from the management when each one applied for a job. The work environment seems conducive, the management has made efforts to ensure that the employees are comfortable with facilities like diners, there are rotating job shifts when one person has to put in extra hours once a week, but this is an understood requirement. The employees are also paid company bonus as well as production bonus, which should keep them satisfied. The people are cross-trained so that teams can offer help when there is additional pressure at the stores. The work atmosphere is relaxed and comfortable to work in; its ok to have a laugh if the work is being done. There is always additional support from team leaders and line managers who are there to lend a helping hand or offer a solution to a problem. The employees seem content with the way the business is progressing; they all think that the organisation is headed towards an expansion and more profitability. All this brings them together to pull through and perform better so each one can benefit in the final round. One important issue which needs consideration is that these were testimonials and case studies published on the Matalan web site and so even if there are contradictory issues regarding pay structures and reward management, they would not be brought up. Most of the staff,which has contributed to this effort, are mostly employees and not so much the temporary staff whi ch is easy to find but difficult to retain .Please refer the appendices for more information on what the employee sat Matalan have to say about the pay stricture, work environment and bonus schemes. Analysis and Implications As we have seen before, pay and rewards management are integral to happier employee base and a great tool for motivation and increasing productivity. The two cannot work in isolation, pay and rewards still need a helping hand from a line manager or management efforts, which are reflective of their involvement while overseeing the welfare of the employees and the staff. Communication goes a long way in opening up channels for improvisation, increased efficiency and involvement. In the long run the after effects of human resource management,performance appraisals do not seem like problematic issues but if not tackled at the right time with sensitivity, they can affect the overall performance of the organisation. The Matalan pay framework has immense scope for improvement and changes, which will not only benefit the organisation but also make a difference to employee performance. Conclusion Organisations are now cutting down on their structure and employee base to keep the momentum going while moving into future stages of advancement. There is actually a great amount of discrimination in the junior and middle management job roles. Since the advent of technology and greater input of the same in business and organisations, there is need for more specialist positions. Companies now seek more flexibility in job rotation and employee commitment towards changes, which might be internal or external. A core aspect of this flexibility is to have staff, which is trained for their respective job roles, and have the skill to work on a variety of other roles as well. For this group of people, promotion is not in the line of a career graph since the need for more flexibility and room to perform. To keep the motivational levels going, the organisations need to use pay as a tool for getting optimum performance levels. Along with all these changes, there is also need for new ways to reward and pay the employee base. More attention needs to be paid to appraisal systems to get a higher performance from the staff. There is a continuous argument about the relation between pay and performance, as much as people would like to break the two,there is a parallel relationship. There are other means of ensuring that the employees are satisfied and willing to perform harder at their job roles. Yet all motivational tools do finally lead to pay, reward sand monetary benefits. In conclusion, it had been more than apparent that although cash asa pay and reward tool is very important in terms of motivation, it is not the be all and end all for employee satisfaction and organisation performance. A complete package is something which adds value to the lifestyle of the employee/staff and that cannot be done solely on monetary terms. There has to be a balance and creation of better opportunities for growth and development, only then will the organisations be able to create a level of commitment and loyalty towards the job role and the organisation objectives. The commitment from the employees has to be whole hearted and inspired by the efforts the management puts in to gain the maximum in terms of productivity and efficiency. For this there is an increased need for fuller communication and familiarity with the work force. The organisation and management need to listen to the employees and their beliefs since the yare the ones who run the daily operations and would be at a greater advantage point to know the advantages and places for improvement. To do so the overall organisation philosophy towards the work force needs to remain simple and compact, this will stream line the process and engage in a more complete relationship between the organisation and employees. Recommendations The Company has acted on the implications of introducing a clear-cut pay framework at all Matalan stores. The Chairman in his review divulged that an employee benefit trust was introduced to offer more incentives and a way to retain Matalan key management by offering company shares. An additional retention bonus is being offered to the key senior management and staff during the same period. This will be offered in the form of share options, this scheme was introduced and executed in the years 2003-2004. Organisations are now working in highly competitive environment among other resources the most important are the employees. They are the biggest assets for any company/enterprise. The biggest threat that companies now face is the attrition rate at which employees are leaving and moving jobs, a big reason identified for this problem is better pay. As much as this would stand true in most situations, the senior management needs to become more involved in the tackling lf this critical issue. Exit interviews with employees will reveal that though Pay is instrumental in their moves and performance management, there are other factors at play too. These are the non financial rewards and perks in the form of avenues of training and skill development,appreciation tokens from senior management, communication from line managers about god performance, timely talks to boost morale and commitment. All these are factors which make the employees feel that they are part of the organisation, this is when they can start focusing on the bigger company objectives rather than focusing on their individual roles and tasks. Matalan has shown their commitment towards employee retainer ship programs but they need to work further to ensure that staff in stores is also part of this bigger objective. The store staff is the one, which is responsible for the day-to-day management of the sales and revenues. The following are some ways to increase the involvement of the staff and boost their morale through non-financial rewards. Introduce an employee suggestion box, the best suggestion would be implemented across the store and if successful, the execution would then be carried out across all stores. Introduce a store news letter which provides a platform for showing recognition to staff and employees for achieving their targets Training and development programs which give an insight into a career progression plan within the store design A special discount scheme for the best employee/staff for achieving their assigned targets and performance indicators Room for promotion if one is constantly showing a success rate at all that they have been assigned in the job role Constant reviews and communication between the management and the staff Timely informal meeting of the store management and staff during non official hours to display the commitment of the organisation towards staff management A more transparent pay scale, which offers timely rewards to employees/staff who are performing well. Incentive scheme for the old and new based on performance. On the financial side of the pay system for store population, there Lisa need for reforms too. The management needs to give consideration to the fact that the employee base is constantly changing giving the assistants who are constantly in and out of the role. A different pay scale for the temporary and permanent staff The permanent staff needs to see the commitment of the management towards their welfare and benefits The temporary staff needs to see incentives and perks too so that they can aim to convert into permanent staff The career progression path needs to have simplicity and transparency, an equal platform for all staff if they want to achieve more in their respective area of work Benefits and perks for all those who meet the key performance indicators A certain amount of autonomy is always good for the store managers or the area managers and yet there needs to be a set guideline towards recruitment and pay structures from the head office. This will help create a uniform and consistent plan regarding recruitment and pay structures. A monthly Appraisal system for both permanent, temporary and part time employees and staff Implementation Plan All the information we have collated and discussed above seems to charter out an implementation plan for the work force at Matalan. To briefly summarise what will need to be accomplished at the stores would be easier done with cost analysis and time schedules. Though the recommendations have been towards both financial and non-financial rewards and pay structures, there is only so much, which the organisation can execute given the expenditure, resources and time needed. For these reasons the objectives have been grouped to enable easier execution. There is a need for a well-being program which might offer free health advice and regular check ups. The organisation could also offer insurance, give out regular seminars about work health related problems. A current favourite with a lot of organisations is subsidised membership to a gym unless they have the capacity to provide one on their own premises. Like other retail organisations it would also help to provide some sort of cover for death and disability for employees who have been with the company over a significant period of time. Retirement and Pensions options are proven methods to combine long term employment plans, since more and more people are now concerned about the future and monetary savings. Car parking facilities near the work premises might seem trivial but it goes a long way in providing that much needed comfort when people struggle with parking lots during peak hours. An appraisal system to ensures that employees who perform well are given special assignments to prove their full potential; this also makes the employees feel more appreciated. Stock options and more creative opportunities are great ways of fostering empowerment amongst the employees; the feeling of ownership in the company makes one feel more responsible towards higher productivity and greater efficiency. The first step would be to introduce a charter covering all the above and recommendations which can be implemented by the human resource personnel at Matalan within specific time schedules and costing. Then the charter will be introduced across all Matalan stores;there is a need to be sensitive towards employees and staff in times when there will be structural changes within the organisation. Bringing all employees on one platform and level will need time and patience.Once the issues are formally on the forefront there is a need to plantime sheets and costs needed for additional training and integrationprocess. All these efforts will need process mapping to get from pointA to point B successfully. If the organisation works in arms with the employees and staff, this implementation plan can get major headway inless time then implied. Communication channels would need to open atall times to ensure the smooth transition from old to new paystructures. Learning Review There was an immense amount of learning while writing this paper and doing the background research into facts and figures. Organisational behaviour and human resource management are very integral aspects of any company. The management perspective on both these aspects has changed, more and more time effort and resources are being allocated to ensure that the company objectives are met while keeping a balance between the management and employees. As an employee all one expects lisa clear path towards progress and appreciation while achieving targets set by the management and on a personal level. Pay structures are important to bringing some amount of stability and transparency in the way the organisation operates. Rewards and Pay are seen as major forces for motivating the employees to perform better. At the same time a lot of stress has been laid on the non-financial aspects like skill development and training, value added perks like family holidays,appreciation on part of the management, open channels for communication between management, employees and staff. This paper brings to light allot of factors, which are misguided efforts towards failure. The organisation goals and objectives have to be in line with the individual job roles and performance indicators. Only when employee swill perform in their individual job spec would the company progress towards their pre determined targets. The internal base and resources need to be strong to contend with external forces in the environment like competition, changes, market structures, target audience, customer reactions and legislative rules. An individual needs to be motivated and appreciated for the efforts they put in, it is not pay which always drives a person to enhance performance. If some more research were put in understanding reasons why employees feel a need to change jobs, pay would probably be among the lower rung of reasons provided. References and Bibliography Y Gorier and N. Phil pot (1978), The British Manager: Career and Mobility, Management survey report No. 39, British Institute of Management P. Evans and F. Bartholomew, Must success cost so much? (Grant McIntyre 1980) Armstrong Michael and Brown Duncan (2001), New Dimensions in Pay Management, London, Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Bottomed H. Michael (1983), Personnel Management, Great Britain, Pitman Publishing Fletcher Live and Williams Richard (1992), Performance Appraisal and Career Development, Cheltenham, Stanley Thornes Publishers Ltd Holloway Jacky, Lewis Jenny and Mallory Geoff (1995), Performance Measurement and Evaluation, London, Sage Publications Tyson Shaun and York Alfred (1989), Personnel Management, Oxford, Butterworth Heinemann Ltd Fletcher Clive and Williams Richard (1985), Performance Appraisal and Career Development The personnel management series, Melbourne, Century Hutchinson Publishing Group Smith Easterby Mark, Thorpe Richard Lowe Andy (2003), Management Research An Introduction, Great Britain, The Cromwell press Ltd. Burns C. Alvin and Bush F. Ronald (2000), Marketing Research, USA, Prentice Hall International From the Internet https://www.matalan.co.uk/careers/testitxt.htm Appendices Appendix 1 Clerks Administrators Ray Fryer Distribution Clerk Ivebeen at Matalan Retail Limited for 3 years now and can see things are quickly changing, its getting busier and systems and safety have improved. I worked at a pizza production company previously, which was closing down. Matalan Retail Limited had dropped in some application forms and I dropped off my application into Matalan Retail Limited the same morning. I was amazed when, the same afternoon, I received a phone call inviting me for an interview. I like working here because the people are really friendly and great to get on with. The money is alright too and the bonus has been good for the past few months. We are paid a productivity bonus related to our team and are also paid accompany bonus twice a year. And, because the business is growing so quickly, theres lots of overtime, if you want it. As a Distribution Clerk my role is really important to store communication. I input data onto a computer for all the products, which have been loaded in the bays for delivery to a store. I then print out information sheets which detail all the products, which are being delivered, and these sheets are given to the driver and then passed on to the store when the load is delivered. Without this information the store wouldt be able to manage their stock. My jobs busy. I could be producing up to 60information sheets per day, but the shift passes quickly and I feel are al part of the team. Robert Insane Administration Assistant IAve been at Matalan RetailLimited for 7 months now. I was looking for a job and a friend told me that there were some jobs at Matalan Retail Limited and to contact the job centre. I applied and was taken on as a Team Member. My main ambition was to work in an office, so each day I checked the communication boards to see if there were any jobs advertised. I was offered a hanging clerks job initially but I wanted to work regular office hours so waited knowing that it wouldt be too long before advocacy occurred. As soon as I saw this vacancy advertised I filled inane application form. 3 4 days later I received an interview then the next day was offered the job. I was delighted. My normal working hours are 8.30 5pm but we do have a rotate which allocates one person each week to stay late if any work needs doing. Our work in the Distribution Administration Team is to provide management information and the information we provide has to be accurat e or this can cause problems with forward planning. We report on what comes into the DC and what goes out to stores, we manage stationery and take care of administration for facilities management. Even though we are working to deadlines, its a relaxed atmosphere because we are given reasonable time to get the job done. And we have a laugh while doing it. In some of the other places Iave worked you felt as though you couldt have conversation with your colleagues. The attitude within our team is that as long as the work is done, then everything is fine. I feel really secure in my job because the business is expanding so quickly and moving in the right direction. Management are always approachable, it pays well and the onsite facilities such as the Bay side Diner make this great place to work. Paul Cobblestone (Age 27) Administrator Id been working for temporary agency for quite a while and decided that I now wanted to develop my career in a full time permanent role. I saw Matalan RetailLimited advertising jobs at local jobs fair in Kneelers and decided to apply. Iam glad I did. I work 8.30am to 5pm, Monday to Friday and love every minute. You see, no two days are the same. Theres always anew challenge, lots of variety and new deadlines to meet. I thought that working to deadlines would be stressful but it ismt. If you rerunning out of time while trying to get a report done then theresal ways someone to lend a hand as were all cross-trained and everyone knows what each other is doing. The team is responsible for producing reports. This can be anything from monitoring absence, inputting data and producing the reports to help management with work flow and scheduling, through to producing target and performance reports which show how well the warehouse teams have been performing. Our workdayst stop there though. We do more than produce reports. We also ensure any shop floor maintenance work is done which means we could be arranging contractors/suppliers, producing orders and making sure that the work is done as soon as possible to ensure minimum disruption to the warehouse teams. What I enjoy is that even though we are all busy everyone is on the same level and we all pull together to achieve results. Testimonials-Team Members Dave Bradbury Team Member Hanging Team. A friend told me about Matalan Retail Limited. I was in a job but really unhappy wit hit. I didt know anything about the work and thought that working in factory would be dirty and repetitive. I soon found out different. It is a lot better than I anticipated. Its clean and the atmosphere is very friendly. I work with a team unloading hung clothing delivered to the Distribution Centre from suppliers. Its quite easy; I just lift the clothing from the lorry and place the garments on a rail. The weights are not heavy and although were sometimes very busy, the workingt pressurised. Not all employers are the same. Here at Matalan Retail Limited the bosses look after you. You are treated with respect and like an adult. Working at Matalan Retail Limited has really helped to build up my confidence. One thing I really like about working here is that you are allowed to have a laugh with your teammates as long as the work is getting done. Id say this was easy work and the moneygood. Colin Ea die (age 38) Team Member Assembly Id worked for local telecommunications company for over 12 years as a Team Leader and then a Production Planner. I knew the job inside out but was quickly becoming bored. There was no challenge any more. I wanted something different to do. My sister worked at Matalan Retail Limited and she recommended I apply. Iave only been here for 5 weeks and already I feel part of the family. The people are really welcoming and helpful and the atmosphere is good. Our work ismt rocket science but our team appreciates the importance of doing our job well. We are all pulling in the same direction. We know that if we dont get it right at our end then it affects everything. You see, I work on assembly. We make up the final deliveries, which are to be sent to individual stores. If the stores dont receive the right stock, then the customer scant buy. What I enjoy about the job is that no two days are the same but you always know what you are doing when you come in to work. We are briefed at the beginni ng of our shift on how well we performed the night before and what our goals are for that day. At Matalan RetailLimited Iave found a job I enjoy in a much more relaxed atmosphere. Paul Gallagher (Age 19) Team Member Returns Team Even though my mum worked at Matalan Retail Limited, I didt know much about the company. I knew it sold clothes and that was about it. I was working for a local company previously fitting air conditioning but wanted more satisfaction from my job. My mum suggested I consider working in the Distribution Centre at Kneelers At first I didt fancy the idea of working in a factory. I had worked in factories before and found the work to be boring it ismt like that at Matalan Retail Limited. Ivebeen at Matalan Retail Limited for a couple of months now and it has turned out better than I anticipated. I was made to feel welcome from the very beginning and the training is excellent it never stops. Even if you forget something you are not made to feel stupid. You retreated as an equal by everyone, even management, so if help is need edits very easy to ask. I work as part of a small team of 8 in the Returns Department. We receive faulty goods returned by our stores throughout the country. Within the team I get to do lots of different things from unloading the trailers through to scanning goods. One thin gI love about working at Matalan Retail Limited is that no matter how busy we are, we still have a laugh doing our job. Testimonials Team Trainer Andrea Jenkins Team Trainer Ivebeen with Matalan Retail Limited for 7 years now. Previously, I was working within a quality control role with an ice cream manufacture rand felt that my career wast moving forward. I wanted to progress and heard that at Matalan Retail Limited your career could progress and progress, dependent on your ability of course. I started in a QC role checking the quality of clothing supplied by manufacturers. After only4 months, I was promoted to Pick Clerk where Id run hourly reports to keep tabs of pick figures. I enjoyed this role, but Matalan RetailLimited offers variety and I have the chance to move across to Posting Clerk where Id register deliveries on the system. As I learnt more and developed I felt I needed more challenge, so applied for a Team Leader role. I was promoted again. As the Team Leader I looked after around 40people assigning tasks to co-ordinate incoming stock. Now I am a Team Trainer. I help the Supervisor run the department and am responsible for administration an d training. I keep the team informed on whatgoing on and provide any training that they need. I play a large parting keeping the team happy and motivated but this ismt too difficult as the people are all so nice we all have a laugh and are very close. Ire ally enjoy my job but if that ismt enough I even get time off, when am on late shift, to go and play netball for the company netball team. Testimonials Supervisor Jamie Hume (Age 28) Supervisor, Assembly Department Imin charge of around 60 people working in the Assembly Department. Within 10-15 minutes of starting work, the Supervisors of each Department meet with the Shift Managers who bring everyone up to date on where the Distribution Centre is up to in terms of targets, special instructions for the shift and manpower. I filter the information through to the Team Leader who briefs the team. I play a large part in the management of the Assembly Department, If I dont make sure that the job is being done right, then the system could fall down. But I am not alone a Team Leader and two Team Trainers each shift, plus the Shift Manager support me if help is needed. Everyone here works as ate am and everyone is supported in their role. That includes me. I am supported and developed by management as much as I support and continually develop my team. Matalan Retail Limited is a decent company to work for and it is improving all the time. When I first joined, as ate am member, about 4 years ago, I kn ew very little about Matalan retail Limited. The product range surprised me and that it soldbranded clothes. Its a fast-moving business and even though the work is challenging and busy, the targets are realistic. For me, one of the most satisfying things about my job is reaching shift targets but then again, I couldt do this without a motivated, enthusiastic team. Testimonials Shift Manager Tom Loather (Age 40) Shift Manager I was made redundant by a retailer, which closed down a part of its business. Being in the retail industry for a while I knew about Matalan retail Limited that is, when it started, how it started, the growth it was experiencing. The word on the street was that Matalan RetailLimited was growing and seen by other retailers to be taking a slice of the market. I decided to have a look at Matalans web site to see if there were any jobs available. There was and I applied immediately .Iave been here for 18 months now and have seen so many improvements in this short time. Communication cascades from management down and from the shop floor up and theres more forward planning. We used to experience peaks and troughs in work scheduling but this has smoothed out now which means we dont have as much down time. All these changes mean were nearly always working up to maximum capacities. Staff mismanaged better, which improves productivity. People are cross-trained for different teams, which provi de them with variety and ensures areas,which are busier have a large enough team to meet targets. Weave also introduced an NVQ training scheme so people benefit from career progression. Matalan Retail Limited and the positive change it is experiencing means my role is very hands-on and diverse. Because systems are not cast in stone I have the flexibility to do things differently and this gives me more control. No two days are the same and this is what I really enjoy. I dont have time to sit and wonder what to do next. The people also make the job fun. The people, the volumes, and the atmosphere each day we have a different target to meet. The team makes sure that each and every store throughout the country has the products it needs, when they need it. And we do all this in a busy relaxed environment.

An Issue Of Procrastination And Stress Levels - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1245 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Procrastination Essay Did you like this example? Abstract This study examines the correlation between levels of procrastination and levels of stress. Data was gathered to conclude whether or not procrastination levels had a correlational relationship with stress levels. Participants took part in a three part study which included a demographic survey, a procrastination questionnaire, and Cohenrs perceived stress scale questionnaire. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Issue Of Procrastination And Stress Levels" essay for you Create order Results concluded that there was no statistically significant correlation between levels of procrastination and levels of stress. Future research should include a variety of other factors like declared major, economic status, if the participant has other responsibilities including multiple jobs, and whether or not the participant lives on campus or commutes. Introduction Literature Review The study conducted by Beleaua and Cocorada (2016) further explored the hypothesis that procrastination leads to negative factors including higher levels of stress. In their research they theorized that individuals who report higher levels of procrastination would in turn, have higher levels of stress. College students were given stress and procrastination questionnaires. Results found that there was a correlation between procrastination and stress. Participants who had high levels of procrastination also had higher levels of stress (Beleaua Cocorada, 2016). Research by Tice and Baumeister (1997) looked into the effects of procrastination on stress and illness in a college setting. Results showed that procrastination scores were correlated with stress. The negative correlations found meant that procrastinators showed lower stress levels and fewer illness symptoms than non-procrastinators (Tice Baumeister, 1997). Szabo and Marian (2018) conducted a study to find correlations between procrastination and stress levels regarding college students during finals week. Using methods as the previous two studies, results found that those participants with increased levels of procrastination also had higher levels of stress than those who did not (Szabo Marian, 2018). Jackson, Weiss, and Lundquist (2000) researched the hypothesis that procrastination had a significant correlation with stress. Results of their study showed that there was a significant correlation between both, meaning that higher levels of procrastination were accompanied with higher levels of stress (Jackson et al., 2000). All studies sought out to find a correlation between procrastination and stress levels. All but one found those with higher levels of procrastination also had higher levels of reported stress. Hypotheses In this study, it was hypothesized that higher levels of procrastination would result in higher levels of stress. It was also hypothesized that participants who showed lower levels of procrastination would also show lower levels of stress. Also, it was hypothesized that demographic factors would not have a significant correlation with procrastination nor stress levels. Method Participants As shown in Table 1, there was a total of 29 participants. Of those 29 participants, 15 identified as male and 14 identifies as female. Of the 29 participants, 6 reported that they were Freshman, 8 reported that they were Sophomores, 7 reported that they were Juniors, and 8 reported that they were Seniors. The demographic survey concluded that 4 participants were White, 11 were Hispanic, 10 were African American, 1 was Asian, and 3 were classified as other. Of the 29 participants, 13 fell between the ages of 18 and 20, 8 fell between 21 and 24, and 6 were 25 years or older. Materials Materials used in this study contained a demographic survey that included gender, year, ethnicity, and age. The demographic survey was a multiple choice formatted questionnaire in which each letter represented a different answer choice. A five question pr ocrastination survey was made for this study to measure procrastination within participants. Stress levels were measured with the use of Cohenrs Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The stress scale consists of a five item questionnaire in which answers consist of a scale from 0-4, 0 depicting never and 4 depicting very often. The PSS has an alpha coefficient of 0.72, meaning it has good internal consistency and reliability. Procedure Participants were chosen in a public setting. Possible participants were approached and asked if they wanted to part take in a research study for Kean Universityrs psychology program. Participants were given a consent form stating that he or she had no obligation to participate in the study and they had the option to opt out at any given time if they decided to. It was reiterated that completion of their participation was not mandatory. Once the participant signed the consent form, the purpose of the study was thoroughly explained to them along with the steps they would be partaking in. First, participants were given a demographic survey in which the participant had 1-2 minutes to complete. Afterwards, the participant was given 2 questionnaires including the procrastination and the stress questionnaire. Participants were given up to five minutes to complete both questionnaires. Upon completion, demographic surveys, and both questionnaires were collected. Debriefing forms were handed out and explained. Participants were told that if they had any questions, concerns, or were in need of counseling due to any factor regarding the study they would contact the head faculty or the Kean University counseling center at any given time. Results Inferential A pearson correlation found no significant relationship between procrastination and stress. As can be seen in Table 2, the correlation between procrastination and stress failed to reach significance (r=.11, p=.58). Thus, the hypothesis that higher levels of procrastination would result in higher levels of stress was not confirmed. The hypothesis that lower levels of procrastination would result in lower levels of stress also failed to be confirmed. Data found no significant relationship between GPA, procrastination, and stress (r=.35, p=.06). Thus, the hypothesis that demographic factors like GPA would not have a significant relationship with procrastination or stress was confirmed. Discussion Relate to Hypothesis The hypothesis that procrastination and stress levels would be correlated failed to reach statistical significance. Therefore, the theory that higher levels of procrastination would result in higher levels of stress was not confirmed. The hypothesis that lower levels of pro crastination would result in lower levels of stress was also not confirmed. Contrary to the findings of this study, the research conducted by Tice and Baumeister (1997) showed that procrastination scores were correlated with stress. The study by Jackson, Weiss, and Lundquist (2000) also confirmed the hypothesis that there was a correlation between procrastination and stress. Results of their study showed that there was a significant correlation between both, meaning that higher levels of procrastination were accompanied with higher levels of stress. This study did not have similar findings. In fact, this study had the opposite findings, and failed to confirm the relationship between both procrastination and stress. Limitations Limitations included a small sample size of 29 participants which affected the external validity because sample data could not be used to generalize an entire population. All participants were college students. Therefore, data could not relate to those who do not fit that criteria including senior citizens, and other groups. Internal validity was also skewed by the small sample size and the selection. In this study participants consisted of only Kean University students. The data could differ if participants consisted of individuals in another college campuses. Future Research Future research for this study should include a larger sample size so that findings will better generalize the college population. Also, other factors can be used to better specify certain findings. Factors can include the participants declared major, economic status, if the participant has other responsibilities including multiple jobs, and whether or not the participant lives on campus or commutes. A confidence survey can also be used to depict whether or not there is a correlation between confidence levels and stress or procrastination. Research can be expanded by having participants from different college campuses so that the results wont be limited to certain individuals and can better generalize a larger group of people.